Millipedes
Millipedes
Origin: These are primarily native to North America,
and they occur throughout the United States.
Biology: Millipedes are slow moving vegetarians, feeding on both decaying
vegetation as well as live plant tissues. They are essentially harmless to
humans in North America, while some species in South America are able to exude
a cyanide-like spray from their bodies when disturbed. North American species
do exude an unpleasant smelling secretion, and they also may lose body fluids
as they die, causing staining on indoor surfaces. The secretion is a
combination of irritating chemicals that may cause skin rashes on people and
even be toxic to small animals. The larger species are capable of living up to
8 years, sometimes requiring up to 5 years to reach sexual maturity. Eggs are
laid in the soil in batches of from 20 to 300 eggs, and newly emerged nymphs
are very small with only around 7 body segments and only 3 pairs of legs. As
they grow they add more sections and legs. In addition to the foul odor they
can give off, millipedes protect themselves by rolling into a tight coil when
disturbed, protecting the more vulnerable ventral parts.
Identification: The larger millipedes are elongate and cylindrical,
getting up to more than 4 inches in length. The smaller garden millipedes are
usually less than ¾ inch long and are more flattened in appearance. They all
have 2 pairs of legs on each body segment, differing from the centipedes. There
is a pair of short antennae.
